The Psychology behind Fandoms

 Keerthana Raghavendra_

Introduction 

Do you find enjoyment in being part of a particular group? Have you ever wondered why you feel as if you belong in a particular ‘fandom’? 

Before we get into that, let us define what a fandom is. A fandom is a community with enthusiastic fans of a common interest, ranging from books, TV shows, video games, and more. In these fandoms, it is usually individuals who are both emotionally and imaginatively invested in a media property. Three underlying concepts can be considered here,  of identity, groups, and media. Let’s go over them one at a time. 

Identity

Fandoms may allow people to express themselves and explore their identity. People often use parts of media as a way to define or express themselves through different methods – such  as art, writing, music.. These types of expressions strengthen their connection to themselves and provide a sense of familiarity or recognition. According to TEAM LOWIS, fandoms are more than just groups of people who enjoy the same content, but also share an identity with a common interest and purpose. This brings out a sense of purpose which provides comfort, familiarity, and a collective sense of self. A study by researchers, at Western Michigan University, have found “That fans often incorporate their fandom into their self concept, deriving a sense of pride and purpose from their association.’’ It is also said that this could be a result of a ‘dopamine rush’ (dopamine is the neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward), which creates a sort of positive reinforcement loop further encouraging engagement with the fandom. For example, waiting for new albums of your favourite artist, or sharing theories in a piece of media, attending concerts. 

Community

As mentioned before, fandoms may offer a sense of community in which individuals may find acceptance and familiarly–comfort through shared interests. Fandoms provide a strong sense of community and belonging. Especially for individuals who may feel isolated and alone. They  often find comfort talking about or engaging with other individuals who share a common interest or experience. Belonging to a fandom may fulfil a fundamental need for a community. In many ways, fandoms may foster trust, collaboration, mutual support and encouragement. According to Crime-Reads, fans are not often brought together by simply the media itself, but rather the emotional experiences–feeling of happiness, nostalgia or even loss may strengthen bonds between fans. These connections help people push aside feelings of loneliness, therefore promoting mental resilience and well being. It may provide a healthy form of escape or stress relief through immersion.  They may explore different themes, connect with similar minded people, which provides a temporary mental break. It is to be noted that excessive behaviours and challenges arise often from fandoms. Online toxicity is not new, but is still found in every fandom. Fandoms–or rather individuals in fandoms can sour interactions, turning debates to harassment or creating a hostile atmosphere by sending threats or being excessively rude. While you may immerse yourself in these communities it is important to separate real life (interactions and responsibilities) from fantasy. To avoid emotional distress or disappointment these interests should not overshadow personal relationships, school or work.. More importantly, it must be known that fandom communities may face many issues of exclusion and gatekeeping. As some new fans (or even old ones) may feel excluded or unwelcome based on knowledge and interpretations. It is important to create an environment where fandoms should try to create inclusive environments, a space where everyone is treated with respect so that everybody feels welcome. 

Media

Fandoms usually thrive due to the manner in which media  is designed to engage audiences on both emotional and psychological levels. Based on Crime-Reads, storytelling can play a major role in how fandoms are formed and interpreted. Stories allow individuals to relate to the media. This identification deepens emotional investment and encourages fans to explore these media further, ranging from analysis, fanfiction, art, and more. . Showing how media producers intentionally try to keep users engaged, through community events, and interactive releases that stimulate anticipation which keeps them engaged.  

Fandoms show how shared interest can influence identity, social belonging and even emotional well being. It allows individuals with many opportunities such as creative expression, community and discomfort through engagement with media and other individuals who may share similar passions.